This is due to the interaction between the quantity and quality of organic residues that enter the soil and the subsequent use of soil macro and microorganisms will affect the accumulation rate of organic and soil nutrients ( Dube and Stolpe, 2016 Wang et al., 2017). (2016) also showed that erosion and nutrient loss of N, P, K, is higher in mature oil palm plantations with no cover crops. (2015) reported that C stocks in mature oil palm plantations in South Lampung, Indonesia, are lower with no cover crops than cover crops. Soils without cover crops can cause soil erosion and soil loss, thus reducing the availability of nutrients and C stocks in the soil. (2018), availability of soil nutrients is related to cover crops. (2018) reported that soil nutrient availability was higher in soil covered by cover crops than without cover crops. gangetica than without cover crops ( Table 2). Haryantini and Santoso (2001) stated that plants with higher leaf area will increase plants ability to photosynthesis more optimally due to wider surface of plant leaves receive sunlight as the main energy source in photosynthesis process, thus dry weight is also greater.ДЄvailability of N, P, and K after treatment (recovery nutrient) was higher in soils with N. gangetica and the number of leaves and leaf area showed very significant correlation (r = 0.9 ** and 0.8 **, respectively). Correlation analysis between dry weight of A. gangetica per plot of the population of 1 000 000 plants ha -1 was caused by the high number of leaves and leaf area ( Figure 3A and 3B).

gangetica higher than 250 000 and 62 000 plants ha -1. The population of 1 000 000 plants ha -1 produced dry weight of A. gangetica per experimental plot aged 4 and 16 WAP. gangetica per plot is presented in Table 1 the number of population had significant effect on dry weight of A. The greater dry weight of plants can be interpreted as normal growth. Dry weight is an indicator of plant growth. Plant dry weight is a combination of root and canopy dry.

gangetica can be used as cover crops in mature oil palm plantations because it meets several conditions such as rapidly covering the land (11 wk after planting), and able to increase the available N, P, K as much as 18.49%, 9.20%, 38.36%, respectively, based on the nutrient balance with the optimum population is 1 000 000 plants ha -1 The experiment was conducted in an experiment field of 17 yr old of mature oil palm at Bogor, Indonesia. gangetica to improve available nutrient in the plantation on the nutrient balance, and to study its role as cover crop in the mature oil palm plantation.

gangetica in 17 yr old oil palm plantations with different populations, understanding the contribution of A. This study aimed to examine the growth of A. Anderson can be utilized as cover crops in mature oil palm plantations with appropriate management. The nutrient budget includes processes such as plant uptake, removal by harvesting, accumulation or storage in the standing plant, and recycling through decomposition of cover crop Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Nutrient recycling and mineral balance are important factors affecting nutrient budgets in oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantations.

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